Oxidation Pathways and Plant Development: Crosstalk between Thioredoxin and Glutaredoxin Pathways

Crosstalk between Metabolic and Regulatory Pathways

To enhance the understanding of cells’ response in a specific condition, one requires information that shows the interconnected view of biological process. Broadly speaking, biological pathways fall into two functional categories: metabolic and regulatory pathways. Existing pathway databases are categorizing specific pathway types according to their own definition about their own subject. They ...

Inactivation of thioredoxin reductases reveals a complex interplay between thioredoxin and glutathione pathways in Arabidopsis development.

NADPH-dependent thioredoxin reductases (NTRs) are key regulatory enzymes determining the redox state of the thioredoxin system. The Arabidopsis thaliana genome has two genes coding for NTRs (NTRA and NTRB), both of which encode mitochondrial and cytosolic isoforms. Surprisingly, plants of the ntra ntrb knockout mutant are viable and fertile, although with a wrinkled seed phenotype, slower plant...

Thioredoxin and glutaredoxin systems.

RD26 mediates crosstalk between drought and brassinosteroid signalling pathways

Brassinosteroids (BRs) regulate plant growth and stress responses via the BES1/BZR1 family of transcription factors, which regulate the expression of thousands of downstream genes. BRs are involved in the response to drought, however the mechanistic understanding of interactions between BR signalling and drought response remains to be established. Here we show that transcription factor RD26 med...

Crosstalk pathways between Toll-like receptors and the complement system.

The Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and complement are key innate defense systems that are triggered rapidly upon infection. Although both systems have been investigated primarily as separate entities, an emerging body of evidence indicates extensive crosstalk between complement and TLR signaling pathways. Analysis of these data suggests that the complement-TLR interplay reinforces innate immunity o...